Isolated islets pooled from eight rats were cultured with interleukin (IL)-2 to promote the expansion of activated T cells. Culture medium contained RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, 1 mmol/L Na pyruvate, nonessential amino acids, 28 μmol/L β-mercaptoethanol, and 50 units/mL recombinant human IL-2 (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ). Fifty islets per well were cultured in 24-well plates (Greiner Bio-One) in 5% CO2 at 37°C. On day 7, islets and infiltrating cells were collected and passed through a 40-μm strainer to retain the islets. T cells were pelleted and resuspended in TRIzol (28 (link)).