Beas-2B cells, HaCat cells, 293T cells, and MEFs were maintained at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator with DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS (14 (link)); A549 cells were cultured with Ham’sF-12K medium supplemented with10% FBS; Hela and Cl41 cells were cultured in MEM with 10% FBS and 5% FBS, respectively. Cycloheximide (CHX), trichostatin A (TSA), leupeptin, rapamycin, MG132, Sp600125 and novobiocin were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA). Nickel chloride was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). DMOG was from Frontier Scientific (Logan, UT). Topotecan, UBEI-41 and tamoxifen were from Alexis Biochemicals Corporation (San Diego, CA). Antibodies against HIF-1α, PHD1 or PHD3 were purchased from Novus Biologicals, Inc. (Littleton, CO); Anti-VHL antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA); Antibody against Hsp90 was from Stressgene (Ann Arbor, MC); Anti-JNK1 antibody was from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, California); Anti-pan lysine acetylation, Hsp70, ATF2, total p70S6 kinase, phosph-p70S6K(Thr389, Thr421) and HDAC6 antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA), α-Tubulin andβ-Actin antibodies were purchased from Sigma.