For evaluation of PV biotinylation and localization of EXP1 complementing copies, thin smears were fixed with a mixture of cold 90% acetone and 10% methanol for 2 minutes. For export assays, thin smears were fixed with room temperature 100% acetone for 2 minutes. For EXP2 distribution assays, magnet-purified infected RBCs were allowed to settle on coverslips coated with concanavalin A before fixing with 4% PFA and 0.0075% glutaraldehyde for 15 minutes. IFAs were processed as described (Beck et al., 2014 (link)). For detection of biotinylated proteins, streptavidin-conjugated Alexa Fluor 594 (ThermoFisher) was included with secondary antibodies at 1:200. Images were collected on an Axio Observer 7 equipped with an Axiocam 702 mono camera and Zen 2.6 Pro software (Zeiss) using the same exposure times for all images across sample groups and experimental replicates.