The JSPE-HP was specifically developed to measure empathy in health professionals. This questionnaire is a 20-item instrument that has been widely used and validated among health professionals. It uses a 7-point Likert scale that is anchored by ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘strongly agree’ (range: 20–140).32 33 (link) In this study, the Japanese version of the JSPE was used.34 (link) All the participants completed the JSPE-HP, and the scale was administered before and after their training.
To measure burnout, the MBI-HSS for medical personnel, which is the global standard for healthcare professionals, was used.35 (link) This validated instrument includes 22 items, each of which is scored from 0 to 6 based on the self-reported frequency of the feeling addressed by each item. In addition to providing an overall measure of burnout, the instrument enables the measurement of the three distinct domains of burnout using summated ratings. The emotional exhaustion domain consists of nine items, with a total score range of 0–54. The depersonalisation domain consists of five items, with a total score range of 0–30. The personal accomplishment domain consists of eight items, with a total score range of 0–48. Specifically, we defined the presence of physician burnout as any score over 26 on the emotional exhaustion subscale, any score over 9 on the depersonalisation subscale or any score under 34 on the personal accomplishment subscale.36 (link) All the participants completed the MBI-HSS before and after the training.
These analyses were performed using R statistical software (V.4.0.2). The data characteristics of the physicians were analysed using descriptive statistics. Analytical statistics were employed to address the outcomes. The normality of all the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was also used to test for significant differences between the pretraining and post-training JSPE-HP and MBI-HSS scores. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.
To measure burnout, the MBI-HSS for medical personnel, which is the global standard for healthcare professionals, was used.35 (link) This validated instrument includes 22 items, each of which is scored from 0 to 6 based on the self-reported frequency of the feeling addressed by each item. In addition to providing an overall measure of burnout, the instrument enables the measurement of the three distinct domains of burnout using summated ratings. The emotional exhaustion domain consists of nine items, with a total score range of 0–54. The depersonalisation domain consists of five items, with a total score range of 0–30. The personal accomplishment domain consists of eight items, with a total score range of 0–48. Specifically, we defined the presence of physician burnout as any score over 26 on the emotional exhaustion subscale, any score over 9 on the depersonalisation subscale or any score under 34 on the personal accomplishment subscale.36 (link) All the participants completed the MBI-HSS before and after the training.
These analyses were performed using R statistical software (V.4.0.2). The data characteristics of the physicians were analysed using descriptive statistics. Analytical statistics were employed to address the outcomes. The normality of all the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was also used to test for significant differences between the pretraining and post-training JSPE-HP and MBI-HSS scores. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.
