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DRAGON-Data: Curating Neuropsychiatric Genetics

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Fifteen studies from the MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics at Cardiff University (https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/mrc-centre-neuropsychiatric-genetics-genomics) were included in this project. A summary of the studies can be found in Table 1. Each study had its own approved research ethics, and ethical approval for the curation and development of DRAGON-Data was obtained from Cardiff University's School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (approval reference 19/72). The studies included participants who were adults with psychiatric disorders, children (defined as up to age 18 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders, children of parents with psychiatric disorders and both children and adult carriers of rare neurodevelopmental risk copy number variants (ND-CNVs).

Table 1

Studies included in DRAGON-Data

Study	Reference	Main diagnosis	Principal investigator(s)	Genotyping platform	Number genotyped (after quality control)	Psychiatric instruments used	Diagnostic criteria included	Number phenotyped (harmonised)
BDRN	^{24 (link)}	Bipolar disorder	N. Craddock, I. Jones, L. Jones	Affymetrix5OmniExpressPsychChip	480680351102	SCAN	ICD-10, DSM-IV	6000
Bulgarian Trios
Case–control data	^{25 (link)}	Psychosis and mood disorders	G. Kirov	OmniExpress	806	SCAN	DSM-IV	305
Family data^a	^{26 (link)}	Probands with psychosis and mood disorders and their families	G. Kirov	Affymetrix6	2119	SCAN	DSM-IV	3084
CLOZUK	^{27 (link),28 (link)}	Treatment-resistant schizophrenia	J. T. R. Walters, M. Owen, M. O'Donovan	OmniExpress	13 743	None (anonymised samples)	None (anonymised samples)	16 405
Cardiff COGS	^{29 (link)}	Schizophrenia, psychosis or bipolar disorder	J. T. R. Walters, M. Owen	OmniExpress	997	SCAN	ICD-10, DSM-IV	1301
DEFINE	^{30 (link)}	Confirmed ND-CNV carrier	J. Hall, D. Linden, M.B.M. van den Bree, M. Owen	PsychChip	971 (number inclusive of ECHO and IMAGINE)	SCIDPAS-ADD	DSM-IV	125
ECHO IMAGINE	^{31 (link),32 (link)}	Confirmed ND-CNV carrier	M.B.M. van den Bree, J.Hall, D. Linden, M. Owen	PsychChip		CAPA	DSM-IV	963
EPAD^a	^{33 (link)}	Major depressive disorder (at least one affected parent and their child)	F. Rice, A. Thapar	PsychChip	615	CAPA and SCAN	DSM-IV	674
F-Series^a	^{34 (link)}	Psychosis and mood disorders	M. Owen	OmniExpress	749	SCAN	ICD-10, DSM-IV	1022
DeCC/DeNt	^{35 (link)}	Major depressive disorder	N. Craddock, L. Jones, C. Lewis, M. Owen	610 Quad	1346	SCAN	DSM-IV	1504
NCMH	^{36 (link)}	Any developmental or mental disorder	I. Jones (and others)	PsychChip	3352	SCAN (N = 465)CAPS-5PAS-ADD	For those with SCAN interviews: ICD-10, DSM-IV, DSM-5	16 311
PTSD Registry	^{37 (link)}	PTSD	J. Bisson, N. Roberts	PsychChip	325	SCIDCAPS	DSM-5	325
SAGE^a	^{38 (link)}	ADHD	A. Thapar, M. O'Donovan, M.J. Owen, K. Langley, J. Martin	HumanHap550PsychChip	2073^a	CAPA	ICD-10, DSM-IV	1132
Sib-Pairs	^{39 (link)}	Schizophrenia	M. Owen	OmniExpress	918	SCAN	ICD-10, DSM-IV	918

BDRN, Bipolar Disorder Research Network; SCAN, Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry; COGS, Cardiff Cognition in Schizophrenia; DEFINE, Defining Endophenotypes From Integrated Neurosciences; ND-CNV, Neurodevelopmental Copy Number Variant; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; PAS-ADD, The Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adult with Developmental Disability; ECHO, Experiences of Children with copy number variants; IMAGINE, Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: Assessing Genomic Impact on Neurodevelopment; CAPA, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment; EPAD, Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression; DeCC/DeNt, Depression Case Control / Depression Network; NCMH, National Centre for Mental Health; CAPS-5, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SAGE, Study of ADHD, Genes and Environment; ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Includes family data and/or (trios).

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Lynham A.J., Knott S., Underwood J.F., Hubbard L., Agha S.S., Bisson J.I., van den Bree M.B., Chawner S.J., Craddock N., O'Donovan M., Jones I.R., Kirov G., Langley K., Martin J., Rice F., Roberts N.P., Thapar A., Anney R., Owen M.J., Hall J., Pardiñas A.F, & Walters J.T. (2023). DRAGON-Data: a platform and protocol for integrating genomic and phenotypic data across large psychiatric cohorts. BJPsych Open, 9(2), e32.

Publication 2023

Adolescent Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Bipolar disorder Capa Child Cognition Copy number variants Depression depression Developmental disability Echo Genes Genomic Health Inclusive Intellectual disability Linden Major depressive disorder Medicine Mental health Mood Mood disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders Parent Post traumatic stress disorder Psychiatric disorders Psychosis Research ethics committee Rice Scan Schizophrenia Scid Trios

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