Western blotting assays were carried out as described previously (Du et al., 2017 (link)). Primary antibodies in the experiments were applied as follows: ICAM-1 (diluted at 1:1,000, ProteinTech, Chicago, IL, United States), VCAM-1 (diluted at 1:1,000, ProteinTech), E-selectin (diluted at 1:1,000, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, United States), β-tubulin (diluted at 1:1,000, ProteinTech), NF-κB-p65 (diluted at 1:1,000, CST, Danvers, MA, United States), NF-κB-pp65 (diluted at 1:1,000, CST), IκBα (diluted at 1:1,000, CST), and phospho-IκBα (diluted at 1:1,000, CST). Then the secondary antibodies with horseradish peroxidase coupling (1:10,000 dilution) obtained from ProteinTech were used for 2 h at room temperature. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection reagents were purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, United States). Target proteins in the membrane were visualized with a Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, United States) exposure imaging system.
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