For all studies, we recalibrated serum creatinine values to the standardized creatinine measurements using the Roche enzymatic method (Roche-Hitachi P-Module instrument with Roche Creatininase Plus assay, Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) at the Cleveland Clinic Research Laboratory (Cleveland, OH) as previously described (29 (link), 30 (link)). We compared new equations to the MDRD Study equation, given by: estimated GFR = 175 × standardized Scr −1.154 × age−0.203 × 1.212 [if black] × 0.742 [if female], where GFR is expressed as mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area41 and Scr is expressed in mg/dL(4 (link)).