Monocytes (1 million) were incubated in 500 μl medium (0.1% bovine serum albumin in minimental essential medium, pH 7.2) overnight in an open BD tube at 37°/5%CO2. The next day cells were centrifuged (5 min 300×g) and the supernatant was frozen at −80°C until use. For the detection of multiple cytokines (interleukin-1 β (IL1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α/CCL3; only humans), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) Thermo Scientific SearchLight Protein Array Technology (THP Medical Products, Vienna) was used as described by us [43 (link)]. In brief, diluted (1:2 in diluent) supernatants or calibrated standards were added to coated wells and incubated for 3 hours. Next, wells were washed and biotinylated antibodies added, again incubated for 30 min and subsequently washed. Afterwards, streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was added, incubated, washed and the substrate was added. All incubation steps were carried out on a shaker at 20° C. Imaging was performed with a cooled CCD camera (SearchLight, Thermoscience). All sample values were calculated according to the standard curve in a linear range.