The baseline characteristics with demographic, anthropometric, clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic data, and medication administration records of all patients were collected from medical records and analyzed. AF was classified as: 1) paroxysmal, defined as recurrent AF terminating within 7 days spontaneously; 2) persistent, including persistent AF and long-standing persistent AF, defined as any AF events lasting longer than 7 days or requiring termination by cardioversion. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for each patient.3 (link)