In total 24 knees were harvested from 12 mice for gene transcript analysis. Pooling was performed to obtain a suitable amount of cartilage and each experimental unit was a pool of two compartments. The cartilage collected from each individual knee (including a femur and tibia) was treated as one compartment. Total RNA from cartilage in knee joints of mice was isolated with TRIzol® reagent (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). First strand cDNA was synthesized from total RNA using the PrimeScript RT Reagent kit (Promega Corporation) according to the manufacturer's protocols. mRNA expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 was measured on a 7500 Real-Rime PCR system with SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). ACTB was used as a reference gene (18 (link)). Gene-specific primer sequences used in the present study are listed in Table I. The expression levels of genes were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCq method (19 (link)).