Total RNA was extracted from adipose tissues and mature adipocytes using an RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen). Concentration and purity of extracted total RNA were quantified using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). For analysis of mature miRNA quantification, 200 ng total RNA was reverse transcribed using TaqMan miRNA Reverse Transcriptase kit (Applied Biosystems; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and the following temperature conditions: 16°C for 30 min, 42°C for 30 min, 85°C for 5 min, 4°C. qPCR was performed using TaqMan Universal Master Mix II, no UNG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and commercial primers for miR-199a-3p, miR-103 and U6 (cat. no. A25576; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) on an ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) according to the manufacturer's protocols as previously described (16 (link)). Briefly, samples were incubated at 95°C for 10 min for an initial denaturation, followed by 40 cycles consisting of incubation at 95°C for 15 sec and 60°C for 1 min. The expression of miR-199a-3p was normalized to U6 small nucleolar RNA or miR-103 expression (27 (link)) and the fold change was calculated using the 2−ΔΔCq method (28 (link)).